What Is a Normal Dose of Vitamin K a Baby Gerts

Overview

Vitamin and mineral supplements are non by and large necessary for the boilerplate healthy, full-term breastfed baby during the start year. Studies take shown that virtually vitamins, fluoride, iron, water, juice, formula and solid foods are non benign to salubrious breastfed babies during the first half-dozen months, and some can fifty-fifty be harmful. There are certain cases where a vitamin supplement may be needed for a breastfed infant during the get-go twelvemonth (come across below for specifics).

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The American University of Pediatrics does recommend that all babies receive a vitamin K injection presently later birth to reduce the adventure of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, and routine vitamin D supplementation due to decreased sunlight exposure and an increase in rickets.

Some very premature babies (weighing less than 1500 grams/3.three pounds) may need extra vitamins and minerals, which can exist added to their female parent's milk before beingness given to the infant.

Following is more specific information on infant'southward needs for sure vitamins and minerals.

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Vitamin A

Breastmilk is a natural, excellent source of vitamin A. Promoting breastfeeding is the best mode to protect babies from Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency is rare in breastfed babies even in areas of the world where vitamin A deficiency is widespread.

Breastmilk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and Young Children (PDF format) from the LINKAGES Projection. As well available in English language, French, Portuguese and Spanish.

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Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

If mom is getting enough thiamine, and then her milk has enough for baby and supplements are not needed. If mom is thiamine-scarce, then adding boosted thiamine to mom's nutrition should increase the corporeality of thiamine in her milk (since this vitamin is water-soluble) to the necessary levels. Thiamine deficiency (beriberi) is rare in the U.s.a..

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Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Supplements are not recommended for breastfed babies, as riboflavin deficiency is rare in developed countries. The levels of riboflavin in human milk are quite constant and are unremarkably affected only by large maternal supplements (3x the maternal RDA).

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Vitamin B6

If mom gets acceptable amounts of vitamin B6, and so boosted supplements are not necessary for a healthy baby. If mom is non getting enough vitamin B6, then adding additional vitamin B6 to mom's nutrition will increment the levels in her milk to the required levels.

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Vitamin B12

See Does my baby need vitamin B12 supplements?

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Vitamin C

Breastfed babies should not be routinely supplemented with vitamin C except in cases of obvious scurvy (vitamin C deficiency). FDA requirements for breastfeeding mothers for this vitamin are 120 mg per day (over 18 years) and 115 mg per day (under 18 years). If you lot smoke, add 35 mg per mean solar day to these amounts. Supplements of vitamin C for a female parent do not significantly modify the amounts in breastmilk, as they remain fairly constant no matter what mother's intake levels (bold the mother is non vitamin-C deficient).  For a mother deficient in vitamin C, supplements volition increment milk levels.

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Calcium

Breastfed babies exercise non demand additional calcium over that which they get from breastmilk and (during the second 6 months) complementary foods. According to the American University of Pediatrics Policy Statement on Calcium Requirements of Infants, Children, and Adolescents:

No available prove shows that exceeding the amount of calcium retained past the exclusively breastfed term babe during the kickoff 6 months of life or the amount retained by the human milk-fed babe supplemented with solid foods during the 2nd 6 months of life is beneficial to achieving long-term increases in bone mineralization.

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Vitamin D

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all babies receive routine vitamin D supplementation (400 IU per twenty-four hour period) due to decreased sunlight exposure and an increment in rickets.

The babies who do demand these supplements demand them due to a lack of sufficient sunlight. Factors that put your breastfed infant at risk for vitamin D deficiency (rickets) are:

• Baby has very little exposure to sunlight. For example: if you lot live in a far northern latitude, if you live in an urban area where alpine buildings and pollution block sunlight, if baby is always completely covered and kept out of the sunday, if baby is always within during the day, or if you e'er use high-SPF sunscreen.
• Both mother and baby take darker skin and thus require more than sunday exposure to generate an adequate amount of vitamin D. Over again, this is a "not enough sunlight" event – the darker your skin pigmentation, the greater the corporeality of lord's day exposure needed. At that place is not much information bachelor on howmuch more sunlight is needed if you have medium or darker toned skin.
• Mother is scarce in vitamin D – in that location is increasing evidence in the last few years indicating that vitamin D deficiency is becoming more common in western countries. The amount of vitamin D in breastmilk depends upon mom'south vitamin D status. If babe gets plenty sunlight, mom's deficiency is unlikely to exist a problem for baby. Notwithstanding, if baby is not producing plenty vitamin D from sunlight exposure, then breastmilk will need to come across a larger percentage of babe's vitamin D needs. If mom has minimal exposure to sunlight (see above examples)and is not consuming enough foods or supplements containing vitamin D, then she may be vitamin D deficient.

The all-time style to get vitamin D, the way that our bodies were designed to get the vast majority of our vitamin D, is from sun exposure. Depending upon where you live and how dark your skin is, going outside regularly may be all that is required for you or your babe to generate adequate amounts of vitamin D.  However, 1 of the problems with getting your vitamin D with sun exposure is simply that information technology'due south difficult to decide how much fourth dimension outside is needed since it depends on so many factors (skin tone, latitude, fourth dimension of year, how much skin is exposed, amount of air pollution, etc.) Keep in mind that in that location is as well a business organisation of sunburn and increased risk of skin cancer with besides much sunday exposure.

The primary source of vitamin D for babies, other than sunlight, is the stores that were laid down in infant'south torso prior to birth. Because mom's vitamin D status during pregnancy directly affects baby's vitamin D stores at birth and particularly during the first ii-3 months, it is very helpful for pregnant women to make sure they are getting enough vitamin D.

Adding a vitamin D supplement to mom's diet and/or exposure to ultraviolet light volition increase the amount of vitamin D in her breastmilk. As long as mom is vitamin D sufficient, her breastmilk will have the "right" amount of vitamin D. Nonetheless, babies were "designed" to get only part of their vitamin D from breastmilk and the remainder from sunday exposure – what if baby does not get a minimum amount of sun? A 2015 report [Hollis et al 2015] ended that "Maternal vitamin D supplementation with 6400 IU/day safely supplies breast milk with adequate vitamin D to satisfy her nursing babe'due south requirement and offers an alternate strategy to direct infant supplementation." Read more than about this study and vitamin D in our interview with Dr. Bruce Hollis. A 2004 study [Hollis & Wagner 2004] determined that supplementing the mother with 2000-4000 IU vitamin D per day safely increased mother'due south and babe's vitamin D condition: the 2000 IU/d dose resulted in a limited improvement, and "A maternal intake of 4000 IU/d could accomplish substantial progress toward improving both maternal and neonatal nutritional vitamin D status." A Finnish study [Ala-Houhala 1986] showed that supplementing the mother with l µg (2000 IU) vitamin D per 24-hour interval was every bit effective for maintaining baby's vitamin D levels as supplementing the babe with x µg (400 IU) per 24-hour interval.

Come across also: Vitamin D and Breastfeeding: An interview with Bruce Hollis, PhD

Papadimitriou DT. The Big Vitamin D Mistake. J Prev Med Public Wellness. 2017

Wagner CL,Greer FR and the Section on Breastfeeding and Committee on Nutrition Prevention of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Pediatrics. Nov 2008; 122;1142. doi: ten.1542/peds.2008-1862

Hollis BW, Wagner CL, et al. Maternal Versus Babe Vitamin D Supplementation During Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics. 2015; 136;625. doi: x.1542/peds.2015-1669

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Vitamin E

No known deficiencies of vitamin E accept been described in healthy term infants fed human milk. Vitamin E supplements for mothers and their breastfed babies are not indicated.

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Fluoride

Currently at that place is no evidence indicating that fluoride supplements in infancy improve a breastfed babe's dental wellness. Dr. Ruth Lawrence (in Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession, seventh ed., p.932) states:

The supplementation of fluoride in the diet of a healthy breastfed infant is no longer recommended by the AAP. Evidence supports the contention that there is adequate fluoride in human milk, and fluorosis from excessive amounts is a concern.

The American University of Pediatrics recommends that fluoride supplements only be given later on 6 months, and only to children whose principal water source is deficient in fluoride.

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry is slightly more conservative, suggesting that the caries risk to the individual child also be considered: "The AAPD endorses the supplementation of a child's diet with fluoride according to established guidelines1, when fluoride levels in community h2o supplies are sub- optimal and later consideration of sources of dietary fluoride and the caries risk of the child."

Many urban center h2o systems add fluoride to the water. If you use well h2o or bottled water, it's unlikely that fluoride has been added to your water, but it may even so be there. Fluoride occurs naturally in almost water, so you really need to know how much fluoride is in your water before you decide whether to supplement.

How practise yous observe out how much fluoride is in your drinking water?

• If you use city water, call your local water section to find out.
• If you lot utilise bottled water, phone call the bottling company.
• If y'all use well water, you tin ask your local h2o department about having your water tested for fluoride – fluoride analysis isn't very expensive.

After you know how much fluoride is already in your drinking h2o and make up one's mind whether your child is at high risk for developing cavities, you tin make up one's mind whether fluoride supplementation might be beneficial.

More information:

Fluoride Supplements from AskDrSears.com

Fluoride Dietary Supplementation from the American Academy of Pediatrics

Rozier RG, Adair Southward, Graham F, et al. Evidence-based clinical recommendations on the prescription of dietary fluoride supplements for caries prevention: a report of the American Dental Clan Council on Scientific Affairs. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010;141(12):1480-9.

Journal search on Fluoride and Human Milk

Over 70 Years of Customs Water Fluoridation from the CDC

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Folic acid (folate)

Folic acid deficiency has not been reported in breastfed, full-term infants, and supplements are not recommended.

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Iron

Here's my information page on Is Iron Supplementation Necessary?

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Vitamin K

Infant'southward vitamin K stores at birth are very low. Vitamin K is needed for proper blood clotting, and a deficiency of this vitamin causes a syndrome chosen Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). Increasing mom'due south vitamin Thousand intake increases the amount of vitamin K in her milk. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends:

Intramuscular vitamin K_ane (phytonadione) at a dose of 0.v to i.0 mg should routinely be administered to all infants on the first mean solar day to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic affliction of the newborn. A filibuster of administration until after the first feeding at the breast but not later than vi hours of age is recommended. A unmarried oral dose of vitamin Thousand should not be used, because the oral dose is variably captivated and does not provide adequate concentrations or stores for the breastfed infant.

Additional information:

Evidence on: The Vitamin K Shot in Newborns past Nicole Churchin

Vitamin K1 Prophylaxis from the British Columbia Reproductive Care Program

Niacin

Niacin deficiency in breastfed infants in adult countries is extremely rare, and no supplementation is recommended.

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Zinc

Healthy full-term breastfed babies do not demand additional zinc by what they get from breastmilk and (later six-eight months) from complementary foods. Practiced sources of zinc include meat (especially red meat) and yogurt. Signs of a mild zinc deficiency include: lessened appetite, lowered allowed office, limited activity, growth faltering. Low birth weight, small-scale for gestational age and premature infants are at risk for zinc deficiency.

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If you're worried that your baby will need vitamins because your diet is not platonic

Studies accept shown that when a mother is deficient in a certain nutrient, improving the mother's nutrition and/or supplementing her diet (multivitamins, etc.) may be as effective or more effective than giving her baby vitamin supplements.

More information @

• How does mom's nutrition affect her milk?
• Vitamins for nursing moms

Additional data

FAQ on Vitamin and Fluoride Supplements for the Breastfed Baby from La Leche League.

The Science of Feeding Your Children by Jay Gordon, Doc

Vitamin & Iron Supplements from the American Academy of Pediatrics

Nutrient Information from the the American Guild for Nutritional Sciences includes current data on food sources, diet recommendations, deficiencies, toxicity, clinical uses, recent research and references for further information for many micro- and macronutrients.

USDA Food Composition Data

Diet Assay Tool (NAT) from the Food Science and Human being Nutrition Department at the University of Illinois

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References

American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Diet. Fluoride supplementation for children: interim policy recommendations. Pediatrics. 1995;95(5):777

American Academy of Pediatrics, Work Group on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the Utilize of Human Milk. Pediatrics. 1997;100(6):1035

Baker SS, Cochran WJ, Flores CA, Georgieff MK, Jacobson MS, Jaksic T, Krebs NF. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Calcium Requirements of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Pediatrics 1999 November;104(v Pt 1):1152-7.

Milner JD, Stein DM, McCarter R, Moon RY. Early Baby Multivitamin Supplementation Is Associated With Increased Risk for Nutrient Allergy and Asthma. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul;114(1):27-32.

Greer, FR. Practice breastfed infants need supplemental vitamins? Pediatr Clin North Am (U.s.), Apr 2001, 48(2) p 415-23

In conclusion, in healthy, breastfed infants of well-nourished mothers, there is little risk for vitamin deficiencies and the demand for vitamin supplementation is rare. The exceptions to this are a need for vitamin 1000 in the immediate newborn period and vitamin D in breastfed infants with dark skin or inadequate sunlight exposure.

Krebs NF, Westcott J. Zinc and breastfed infants: if and when is there a risk of deficiency? Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002; 503: 69-75.

Krebs NF. Dietary zinc and iron sources, concrete growth and cognitive development of breastfed infants. J Nutr 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):358S-360S.

Mohrbacher, N. and Stock, J. BREASTFEEDING ANSWER Book. Schaumburg, Illinois, USA; LLLI 1997.

Hamosh M, Dewey, Garza C, et al: Nutrition During Lactation. Plant of Medicine, Washington, DC; National Academy Press 1991, pp. 133-140.

Butte NF, Lopez-Alarcon MG, Garza C. Nutrient capability of exclusive breastfeeding for the term infant during the showtime six months of life. Geneva, Switzerland; World Wellness Organization 2002, pp. 26-30.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) from the Us Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Data Center

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Source: https://kellymom.com/nutrition/vitamins/vitamins/

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